Reading direction
Gurmukhi is written and read left to right, like English.
PUNJABI PRACTICE
Learn to read, write, and speak Punjabi from scratch: the Gurmukhi alphabet, words, phrases, and simple sentences. You need 80% to unlock the next level, and Level 1 is unlocked to start.
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PUNJABI LEVEL 1
Question 1 of 20BASICS
Punjabi is written in the Gurmukhi script, read left to right. Start with the vowel bearers and vowels, then the consonants grouped in five-letter rows (vargs).
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Vowel bearers
Vowels
Consonants โ Ka varg
Consonants โ Cha varg
Consonants โ Ta varg (retroflex)
Consonants โ Ta varg (dental)
Consonants โ Pa varg
Remaining consonants
Gurmukhi is written and read left to right, like English.
Vowels attach to consonants as small signs: เจพ (aa), เจฟ (i, written before the letter), เฉ (ee), เฉ (u), เฉ (oo).
Every noun is masculine or feminine. Masculine words often end in เจพ (เจฎเฉเฉฐเจกเจพ = boy); feminine words often end in เฉ (เจเฉเฉเฉ = girl).
Masculine เจพ endings often change to เฉ (เจฎเฉเฉฐเจกเจพ โ เจฎเฉเฉฐเจกเฉ); feminine words often add เจพเจ (เจเฉเฉเฉ โ เจเฉเฉเฉเจเจ).
The verb usually comes at the end of a simple sentence: เจฎเฉเจ เจฐเฉเจเฉ เจเจพเจเจฆเจพ เจนเจพเจ (I bread eat = I eat bread).
Words like เจตเจฟเฉฑเจ (in), เจคเฉ (on), เจจเจพเจฒ (with) come after the noun, not before it.
A "เฅค" (danda) is traditionally used instead of a full stop.
Adjectives usually come before the noun and agree with its gender: เจตเฉฑเจกเจพ เจเจฐ (big house, masculine), เจตเฉฑเจกเฉ เจเจฟเจคเจพเจฌ (big book, feminine).
Put the question word at the start and keep the normal word order: เจคเฉเจธเฉเจ เจเจฟเฉฑเจฅเฉ เจเจพ เจฐเจนเฉ เจนเฉ? (Where are you going?)
Add เจจเจนเฉเจ before the verb to say "not": เจฎเฉเจ เจจเจนเฉเจ เจเจพเจเจฆเจพ (I do not go).
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READING PRACTICE